What spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country, similar to the Internet? The Supreme Court affirmed the Commission's jurisdiction over cable in United States v. Southwestern Cable Co., 392 U.S. 157 (1968). A direct private network that creates a "private tunnel" within the Internet to connect to the corporate server. Which of the following provides Internet access using a cable television company's infrastructure and a special cable modem? For example, in the United States, cable providers are required to offer a âbasic cable optionâ that includes broadcast channels, local-access channels, and government and public-service channels. Visit the Media Bureau's Frequently Asked Questions page for additional information on Cable Television Regulation. The 1984 Cable Act provides damages and penalties of up to two years in prison and/or $50,000 in fines to be assessed against anyone determined to be guilty either of the unauthorized interception or reception of cable television services or of the manufacture or distribution of equipment intended to be utilized for such a purpose. The Commission does not prosecute unauthorized reception of cable services. Rather, cable operators aggrieved by unauthorized reception of cable services may bring an action in a United States district court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction. Knowledge of violations should be reported directly to the cable system. While the 1992 Cable Act's must-carry provisions only apply to local commercial and noncommercial educational television stations, the Act's retransmission consent provisions apply to all commercial broadcast stations. Many cable systems carry radio stations as an "all-band" offering, meaning that as with any standard radio receiver, all stations which deliver a signal to the antenna are carried on the system. The Commission only requires consent from those radio stations within 57 miles of the cable system's receiving antenna. Thus, even though a cable operator's antenna may pick up a station's signal, operators are not required to obtain the consent of stations outside of the 57 mile zone unless the station affirmatively seeks retransmission consent. What is the worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology? If you have a mix of analog , HD, and 4K Ultra HD TVs in your house, the box provides both a standard-definition analog RF cable output for connection to the analog TV and an HDMI output for connect to ⦠In succeeding years, the Commission modified or eliminated many of the rules. Among the more significant actions, the Commission deleted most of the franchise standards in 1977, substituted a registration process for the certificate of compliance application process in 1978, and eliminated the distant signal carriage restrictions and syndicated program exclusivity rules in 1980. In 1983, the Commission deleted its requirement that cable operators file financial information. In addition, court actions led to the deletion of pay cable programming rules in 1977. Generally, if a local commercial television station elects must-carry status, it is entitled to insist on cable carriage in its local market. Each cable system with more than 12 channels must set aside up to one-third of its channel capacity for must-carry stations. For example, if a cable system has 60 channels, it must set aside 20 of those channels for must-carry stations. If there are 25 stations in the market which elected must-carry, the cable operator may choose 20 to carry. On the other hand, if only 15 stations elected must-carry in the market, the cable system would have to carry all 15 of these stations. A must-carry station has a statutory right to a channel position, usually its over-the-air channel number, or another channel number on which it has historically been carried. What is the integration of communication channels into a single service? Rates for a cable system's basic service tier and associated equipment may be regulated only if the cable system is not subject to effective competition. There are four separate tests to establish that effective competition exists: (1) the households subscribing to a cable system constitute fewer than 30 percent of the households in its franchise area; or, (2) (a) there are at least two unaffiliated multichannel video programming distributors (one of which may be the cable system in question), with each offering comparable video programming to at least 50 percent of the households in the franchise area, and (b) the households subscribing to all but the largest multichannel video programming distributor exceed 15 percent of the households in the franchise area; or, (3) the franchising authority is itself a multichannel video programming distributor offering video programming to at least 50 percent of the households in the franchise area; or. A wireless MAN (WMAN) is a metropolitan area network that uses ___________ to transmit and receive data? (5) The name of the community or area served and the county in which it is located; (6) The television broadcast signals to be carried; (7) A certification that the applicant is not subject to a denial of federal benefits pursuant to Section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 21 U.S.C., 853a, or, in the case of a non-individual applicant (for instance, a corporation, partnership, or other unincorporated association), that no party to the application is subject to a denial of federal benefits pursuant to that section; and. Finally, Section 506 of the 1996 Cable Act allows cable operators to refuse to transmit any public access or leased access program which contains obscenity, indecency, or nudity. In June 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court narrowed application of Section 506 in a decision (Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC) which held that cable operators may decline to carry indecent programming on leased access channels, but cannot exercise the same control over programming on public access channels. Ensuring safety equipment is on an airplane before a flight. Examples of Personal area network (PAN) The good example of personal area network is Bluetooth. PEG channel capacity which is not in use for its designated purpose may, with the franchising authority's permission, be used by the cable operator to provide other services. Under certain conditions, a franchising authority may authorize the use of unused PEG channels to carry low power commercial television stations and local noncommercial educational television stations that are required by law. Some of the top reasons for opting to pay for internet video services as opposed to traditional pay TV included access to original programming (57%) and in ⦠In an academic article published this year, the Norwegian economist Oystein Hernaes and his co-authors attributed some of this decline in I.Q. At cable's inception, the primary goal of most cable television operations was: to improve the reception of distant signals A cable system that functions as a one-stop communications provider, supplying television, audio, high-speed Internet access, long-distance and local phone service, multiple telephone lines, and fax is said to offer: What is a device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data? If the Commission initiates a rule making proceeding, it will issue a "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking" inviting public comment for a limited time period -- usually 30 days or more. A summary of the notice is published in the Federal Register which is available in many large libraries. In addition, trade publications also report the issuance of rulemaking notices. Which of the following allows high-speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines? With respect to non-network programming, cable systems that serve at least 1,000 subscribers may be required, upon proper notification, to provide syndicated protection to broadcasters who have contracted with program suppliers for exclusive exhibition rights to certain programs within specific geographic areas, whether or not the cable system affected is carrying the station requesting this protection. However, no cable system is required to delete a program broadcast by a station which is either significantly viewed or which places a NLSCor better contour over the community of the cable system. To prevent vertically integrated cable systems from unduly favoring their affiliated programmers over non-affiliated program providers, the Commission, in 1993, imposed a 40% limit on the number of channels that can be occupied by video programmers affiliated with the particular cable system. In this context, vertical integration refers to common ownership of both cable systems and program networks, channels, services or production companies. For purposes of determining common ownership, all interests of 5% or greater are recognized unless there is no possibility of such interests exerting control or influence over the cable system. In 2001, the decision in Time Warner II reversed and remanded the 40% channel occupancy limit, finding that the Commission had failed to justify its vertical limit with record evidence, and had failed adequately to consider the benefits and harms of vertical integration or current MVPD market conditions in its analysis. In 2008, the Commission issued a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on issues relating to the appropriate vertical ownership limit, including the appropriate methodology for determining the limit and how to define the relevant programming and distribution markets. In addition, under the 1996 Act, small cable operators are partially or wholly exempt from rate regulation. A "small cable operator" is defined to include any operator that serves fewer than 1 percent of all subscribers in the United States and that is not affiliated with entities that have gross annual revenues exceeding $250 million. In any franchise area where a small cable operator serves fewer than 50,000 subscribers, rate regulation does not apply to the operator's basic tier if it was the only tier subject to regulation as of December 31, 1994. Sign up for service today! Every three years, every local commercial television station has the right to elect either must-carry or retransmission consent. The initial election was made on June 17, 1993, and was effective on October 6, 1993. The next election occurred on October 1, 1996, and was effective January 1, 1997. All subsequent elections will occur every three years (e.g., October 1, 2011, to be effective January 1, 2012; October 1, 2014, to be effective January 1, 2015; etc.). This is why it take a 2 hour appointment to REALLY cover variables like Paul did in his video. Turn on the cable TV and then use the remote to turn on the Roku TV. In 1997 the Commission expanded the scope of the home wiring rules to address disposition of âhome runâ wiring in multiple dwelling units (âMDUsâ) such as apartments and condominiums. âHome runâ wiring is the wiring in an MDU that runs from the individual apartment/condominium unit to the point at which the wiring becomes devoted to an individual subscriber, typically the junction box. The disposition rules for âhomeâ wiring and âhome runâ wiring differ. ; broadband: A type of data transmission in which a single medium (wire) can carry several channels at once. Whether itâs the latest season of Stranger Things or an out-of-control cable bill, there are plenty of reasons to add some streaming to your TV diet.. Now with the Roku, youâre using the Spectrum TV app (same as on a tablet or smartphone). Which domain is reserved for accredited postsecondary institutions? What do you call a large computer network usually spanning a city or a specific infrastructure like a college? The Commissionâs 30% ownership limit has been reviewed in the courts several times. In 2001, in Time Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC, 240 F.3d 1126 (D.C. Cir. Which of the following allows a user to access the Internet? To ensure the delivery of satisfactory television signals to cable subscribers, the Commission also has adopted various technical performance standards which local franchising authorities are generally authorized to enforce through their franchising process. Cable operators are required to establish a complaint resolution process and to advise their subscribers about it annually. The Commission generally preempted conflicting local performance standards. However, Cable systems with fewer than 1,000 subscribers, as well as those serving rural areas, may negotiate with their respective franchising authorities for certain lower performance standards. The Commission has yet to adopt technical performance standards for all-digital systems. Cell phones have morphed into ___________________ that offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones. The Federal Communications Commission first established rules in 1965 for cable systems which received signals by microwave antennas. In 1966, the Commission established rules for all cable systems (whether or not served by microwave). The Supreme Court affirmed the Commission's jurisdiction over cable in United States v. Southwestern Cable Co., 392 U.S. 157 (1968). The Court ruled that "the Commission has reasonably concluded that regulatory authority over CATV is imperative if it is to perform with appropriate effectiveness certain of its responsibilities. A cable television system operator is any person or group of persons who provides cable service over a cable system and directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable system, or who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement, the management and operation of such a cable system. Cable systems obtain certain signals, sometimes from distances impractical to serve by cable, through microwave relay stations. Microwave systems may also be used by cable operators for distribution of signals within the cable system where it is impractical to run cable due to its cost or due to potential signal deterioration. Cable operators may purchase microwave relay service from companies providing such common carrier services, or they may operate their own relay stations licensed by the Commission as CARS stations. When a cable operator owns the âhome runâ wiring in an MDU (e.g., an apartment or condominium) and the cable operator no longer has a contractual right to provide service to any or all residents in the MDU, the MDU owner may notify the cable operator that it intends to permit a competitor to provide such services. The cable operator will have 30 days to decide whether it will: (3) sell the wiring to the MDU owner or the new cable services provider. In processing discrimination charges, the Commission first determines whether the charge falls within the jurisdiction of the EEOC or a comparable state or local agency. If it does, the charge is referred to the appropriate agency and the Commission defers action on the matter until a final decision is reached. If the matter is not referred, the Commission processes the charge and determines what action or inquiry, if any, is appropriate. Subscribers who want to file a complaint about CableCARDs or other equipment leased from the cable provider may click on www.fcc.gov/complaints. Thirty days advance written notice (using any reasonable written means) must be given to subscribers and local franchising authorities of any changes in rates, programming services or channel positions, if the change is within the control of the cable operator. Cable operators are not required to provide prior notice of any rate change that is the result of a regulatory fee, franchise fee, or any other fee, tax, assessment, or charge of any kind imposed by a Federal agency, State, or franchising authority on the transaction between the operator and the subscriber. Cable system bills must be clear, concise and understandable, with full itemization. Cable operators should respond to written complaints about billing matters within 30 days. Refunds must be issued no later than either the customer's next billing cycle or 30 days following resolution of the request, whichever is earlier, or upon the return of equipment when service is terminated. Credits must be issued no later than the billing cycle following the determination that a credit is warranted. TV-PG-- This program contains some material that parents may find unsuitable for younger children. The program contains one or more of the following: moderate violence (V), some sexual situations (S), infrequent coarse language (L), or some suggestive dialogue (D). Basic service is the lowest level of cable service a subscriber can buy. It includes, at a minimum, all over-the-air television broadcast signals carried pursuant to the must-carry requirements of the Communications Act, and any public, educational, or government access channels required by the system's franchise agreement. It may include additional signals chosen by the operator. Basic service is generally regulated by the local franchising authority (the local or state entity empowered by Federal, State, or local law to grant a franchise to a cable company to operate in a given area). Introduction The Federal Communications Commission first established rules in 1965 for cable systems which received signals by microwave antennas. Form 1235 - Abbreviated Cost-of-Service Filing for Cable Network Upgrades. This form enables cable operators to justify rate increases for significant network upgrades used to improve services to regulated cable subscribers. Form 1235 permits operators seeking rate increases to cover the costs of upgrades to submit only the costs of the upgrade instead of all current costs normally submitted in a cost-of-service filing. Now it is time to strip, crimp or patch your Cat 6 cable.At the wall plate end, you can use the quick connect RJ-45 inserts.First start by stripping the cable, with a cable stripping tool to cut and reveal the 8 pairs of cables that are inside. Origination channels are usually programmed by the cable system and may include many types of specialized program packages such as movies, sports, national news and public affairs, feature entertainment, children's programming or programming for specific ethnic or other minority groups. Any person aggrieved by the failure or the refusal of a cable operator to make commercial channel capacity available or to charge rates as required by Commission rules may file a petition for relief with the Commission within 60 days of the alleged violation. In order to merit relief, the petition must show by clear and convincing evidence that the operator violated the leased access statutory or regulatory provisions or otherwise acted unreasonably or in bad faith. Relief may be in the form of refunds, injunctive relief or forfeitures. The Commission encourages parties to use alternative dispute resolution procedures such as settlement negotiation, conciliation, facilitation, mediation, fact finding, mini-trials and arbitration. The 1992 Cable Act provides for both judicial and Commission review of leased commercial access disputes. The Commission's Office of Public Affairs issues public notices of the filings of cable TV registration statements, petitions, comments and Commission actions. Copies of FCC decisions and comments filed may be obtained from the Commission's duplicating contractor. Selected documents may be obtained through the Internet at the following address: Web site: https://www.fcc.gov. Several commercial distributors will send copies of all, or selected, public notices and news releases on a regular basis for a fee. A list of these distributors is available from the Public Service Division. Other sources of information include trade publications, such as Broadcasting & Cable, Cablevision, Communications Daily, Television Digest, Electronic Media and Multichannel News. We can also classify networks in different ways like client server network, peer to peer network, application server network. Under the 1984 Cable Act, local franchising authorities may require that cable operators set aside channels for public, educational, or governmental ("PEG") use. In addition, franchising authorities may require cable operators to provide services, facilities, and equipment for the use of these channels. Many cable systems include several PEG channels. When a cable company offers Internet access over the cable, Internet information can use the same cables because the cable modem system puts downstream data -- data sent from the Internet to an individual computer -- into a 6-MHz channel. Oh no! In these networks we use mostly LAN, WAN and MAN. Under the dual jurisdictional approach to cable television regulation, several important areas of regulation are administered by local franchising authorities rather than by the Commission. These include subscriber rates for basic cable service, installation fees, equipment and customer service, where the local franchising authority has chosen to regulate; bills and billing practices; extension of cable service to individual homes and businesses; repairs; improper wiring; theft of service; and false or misleading advertising concerning the cable system's capabilities. Complainants are urged to make their complaints by letter, directed to local officials responsible for regulation of their cable system. In most cases, the local franchising authority will review the charges for basic cable service and equipment to determine if the charges are justified. What are the two most prevalent types of broadband access? The 1996 Act modified the regulation of cable programming services and the rate complaint process established under the 1992 Cable Act. Pursuant to the 1996 Act, the Commission's authority to regulate the rates charged for cable programming services (those are the channels that are not on cable system's basic tier and are not sold on a per-channel or per-program basis) was terminated for services provided after March 31, 1999. Therefore, the rates charged for cable programming services are determined by the cable company and the Commission does not have the authority to review these rates or to investigate allegations that the rates are excessive. The 1996 Act did not modify the local franchising authority's ability to regulate basic cable rates. Therefore, complaints about basic cable rates should be filed with the franchise authority. : Short for Internet service, cable TV ( with âlimited commercialsâ ) special cable modem inch of cable you! 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